Usova (2014) Вік і швидкість зростання зелених жаб Нижнього Добрицького ставка

Usova E. E. Vіk i shvydkistʹ rostu zelenykh liashok (Pelophylax esculentus complex) Nyzhnoho Dobrytsʹkoho stavu (Zmiivsʹkyi raion Kharkivsʹkoi oblasti) // Visnyk Kharkivsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina. Seriya: biolohia. – 2014 – Vyp.20, №1100. S. 204–212.
UDK: (57.022+57.032):591.84:591.158.1:597.851
Vik i shvydkistʹ rostu zelenykh liashok (Pelophylax esculentus complex) Nyzhnoho Dobrytsʹkoho stavu (Zmiivsʹkyi raion Kharkivsʹkoi oblasti)
E.E.Usova
Kharkivsʹkyi natsionalʹnyy universytet imeni V.N.Karazina (Kharkiv, Ukraina)
e.e.usova@gmail.com
Za dopomohoyu skeletokhronolohii vymucheno 104 predstavnyka Pelophylax esculentus complex (18 P. ridibundus, 66 diploidnykh P. esculentus i 20 triploidnykh P. esculentus) z hemiklonalʹnoi populiatsiinoi systemy Nyzhnoho Dobrytsʹkoho stavu (N 49°33'22", E 36°18'39"; Zmiivsʹkyi raion Kharkivsʹkoi oblasti, poyma riky Homolʹsha), rozmiashchenoi na terytorii Natsionalʹnoho pryrodnoho parku “Homolʹshansʹki lisi”. Po rezakh 4‑ho falangu dlinnoho palʹtsa zadnʹoiu kintsi k ustanovlenyi vik doslidzhenuh osobyn, rozrachovani yikh rikovi pryrosty. Maksymalʹna shvydkistʹ rostu i dlya samtsiv, i dlya samok sposterezhyetsia pered 4‑ho zimovky, shcho vidpovidaye dosyagnennyu polovoi zrelosti v vidstii 5 rokiv. Riznyky v shvydkosti rostu P. ridibundus, di‑ i triploidiv P. esculentus statistychno neznachymyi.
Klyuchovi slova: Pelophylax esculentus complex, Pelophylax ridibundus, rost, skeletokhronolohiya.
Vik i shvydkistʹ rostu zelenykh zhabi (Pelophylax esculentus complex) Nyzhnoho Dobrytsʹkoho stavu (Zmiivsʹkyi raion Kharkivsʹkoi oblasti)
O.Ye.Usova
Za dopomohoyu skeletokhronolohii vyvcheno 104 predstavnyka Pelophylax esculentus complex (18 P. ridibundus, 66 diploidnykh P. esculentus i 20 triploidnykh P. esculentus) z hemiklonalʹnoi populiatsiinoi systemy Nyzhnoho Dobrytsʹkoho stavu (N 49°33'22", E 36°18'39"; Zmiivsʹkyi raion Kharkivsʹkoi oblasti, zaplava richky Homilʹsha), rozmiashchenoi na terytorii Natsionalʹnoho pryrodnoho parku “Homilʹshanski lisy”. Po zrizakh 4‑oi falangu naydovshoho palʹtsa zadnoho kintsi ustanovlenyi vik doslidzhenuh osobyn, rozrakhovani yikh rikovi pryrosty. Maksymalʹna shvydkistʹ rostu i dlya samtsiv, i dlya samok sposterezhyetsia pered 4‑ho zimivlei, shcho vidpovidaye dosyagnennyu statsevoi zrilosci u vitsi 5 rokiv. Vidminnosti v shvydkosti rostu P. ridibundus, di‑ i triploidiv P. esculentus statistychno neznachushchi.
Klyuchovi slova: Pelophylax esculentus complex, Pelophylax ridibundus, rist, skeletokhronolohiya.
Age and growth rate of green frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) of the Lower Dobritsky pond (Zmiyiv district, Kharkiv region)
E.E.Usova
With the use of skeletochronology 104 specimens from the population of Pelophylax esculentus complex (18 P. ridibundus, 66 diploid P. esculentus, and 20 triploid P. esculentus) inhabited the Lower Dobritsky pond (N 49°33'22 ", E 36°18'39"; Zmiyiv district of the Kharkiv region, the floodplain of the Gomolsha River at the National Natural Park "Gomilshanski lisy") were studied. The age of the individuals was estimated histologically by the sections of the longest toe’s 4th phalanx and determination of annual growth marks. The annual growth rates were calculated. The maximum growth rate was observed between the 4th and 5th hibernations for both males and females. It has been shown that differences in the growth rates between P. ridibundus, di- and triploid P. esculentus are statistically insignificant.
Key words: Pelophylax esculentus complex, Pelophylax ridibundus, growth, skeletochronology.
Vvedennya
Skeletokhronolohichne vykladannia viku i shvydkosti rostu ye dosytʹ vidomym, ale vsi rоvnо nedotsenym metodom doslidzhennʹ pokylotermnykh khvostovykh. Za dopomohoyu tsʹogo metodu mozhna otrymaty empirychnі dany, yaki ne tilʹky harakterizuiutʹ vik i dynamiku rostu doslidzhanykh tvaryn, ale i dautʹ mozhlyvistʹ otsinyty inshi vazhlyvi z tochky populiatsiinoi biolohii parametry, yak napryklad vidnosnu vyzhyvannia riznykh spільno zhivuchyh form. Tomu dokazove provedenʹ takykh doslidzhennʹ vymagaye yikh starostynoyi organizatsii, maksymalʹno mozhlyvoї unifikatsii metodiv obroblennya pervichnykh danykh. V ciiy robotі my detalʹno rozglyadayemo obrobku skeletokhronolohichnykh danykh, harakterizuiuchyh zelenykh liashok (predstavnykiv Pelophylax esculentus complex) z populiatsiinoi systemy, yaka predstavlyae osoblyvyi interes dlya doslidzhennʹ.
V hybrydohnyy kompleks zelenykh liashok, Pelophylax esculentus complex (=Rana esculenta complex), vklyuchayutʹ dva roditelʹski vidy, Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) ta Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), a takozh yikh rizni di, tri ta tetraploidni hybrydy (Plötner, 2005), dlya yakykh my vykorystovuiemo (Shabanov ta in., 2009) imʹia, analogichne vidovomu, Pelophylax esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758). Spільне zhytʹ hybrydiv z roditelʹskymy vidamy pidtrymuietsia zavdyaky hemiklonalʹnomu spadkovi (peredachi hybrydamy vyznachenyh genomiv klonalʹno, bez rekombinatsii), shcho predstavlyae znachny teorietychny interes. Spільно zhytʹ predstavnyky roditelʹskykh vidiv i yikh riznykh hybrydiv, obʹednani spільnym rozmnozhennyam ta peredacheyu z pokolinnia v pokolinnia yak klonalʹnyh, tak i rekombinantnyh genomiv, otrymaly nazvu GPS, hemiklonalʹnyh populiatsiinyh system (Shabanov ta in., 2009; Shabanov, Lytvynchuk, 2010). Odni z naybilsʹh skladnykh vidomykh hemiklonalʹnyh populatsii zelenykh liashok zarazheni v bascyni verkhnoho potoku r. Severskyi Donetsʹ v regioni, yaki otrymaly nazvu Seversko-Donetsʹkoho tsentra riznomanitosti zelenykh liashok (Shabanov ta in., 2009; Shabanov, Lytvynchuk, 2010). Nayvyshche riznomanitosti riznykh form zelenykh liashok zarazheno na terytorii Natsionalʹnoho pryrodnoho parku “Homolʹshansʹki lisi”, rozmiashchenogo v Zmiivsʹkomu raioni Kharkivsʹkoi oblasti (Korshunov, 2010). Naybilʹsh interesnoiu z doslidzhenuh GPS Pelophylax esculentus complex ye ta, yaka naselʹnya Nyzhnii Dobrytsʹkyi stіv (49°33'22" severnoi shiroty, 36°18'39" skhidnoi dovhyi), rozmiashchenyi v Dobrytsʹkomu yaru pered yoho vykhidom v poymu richky Homolʹsha (pravyi pritok r. Severskyi Donetsʹ). V skladі tsʹoi GPS velika chastyna triploidnyh hybrydiv (Korshunov, 2010), v yiyi okrestnostyakh buly zarazheni navitʹ odynochni tetraploidy (Borkin et al., 2004).
Materialy ta metody
Sklad doslidzhenoї nam vybirky okharchyvany v tab. 1. Bilʹshistʹ doslidzhenuh osobyn (75 eksemplariv) skladaye odnu vybirku, blizku do vypadkovoyi, zibranu 10 lyulya 2013 roka. Do chasu zboru tsʹoi vybirky nerost liashok bulo zaversheno. Liashok lovyly, obkhodyachy stіv po perimetru v pershiy polovyni nochi z yarkymy ruchnymy fonaramy, zbyrayuchy pri tsʹomu vsikh pomichanykh osobyn, yaki znajshlysʹ na berezi abo v vodi na nevelykom (do 1–2 m) vidstani vid berehu. Osleplyayuchy liashok fonarem, yikh hvataly rukamy. Pri vykorystaniyomu sposobi lovli udavalosʹ zibraty blyzko 90% pomichanykh liashok. Mozhna prypustyty, shcho yak taksonomichny (P. ridibundus abo P. esculentus), tak i polovyi (samky abo samtsy) i rozmirny (velyki abo malenʹki) sklad osobyn, yaki vypadaly vid lovtsiv, priblizno vidpovidav sklady zibranoї vybirky.

Tablitsa 1. Doslidzhena materia

Forma

Vybirka,
rik zboru

Juvenilʹnykh,
ekz.

Samok,
ekz.

Samtsiv,
ekz.

Vseho,
ekz.

P. ridibundus

2004–2009

3

5

1

9

2013

-

8

1

9

P. esculentus,
2n

2004–2009

10

4

5

19

2013

-

10

37

47

P. esculentus,
3n

2004–2009

1

-

-

1

2013

-

11

8

19

Vseho

14

38

52

104