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Ecology: the biology of interaction. 3.10. Nature and characteristics of communities
{"title":"","summary":"","body":"Naturally, the most vivid and interesting part of ecosystems are communities — the assemblages of their living components. Are communities clearly distinct separate objects? Occasionally — yes, more often — …
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. 3.09. Trends in Successions
In the typical case, during succession (for example in an artificial system—a microcosm—or during colonization of a new habitat in primary autotrophic succession), the following is observed: first, production and …
Ecology: the biology of interaction. 3.08. Succession. Basic concepts
{"title":"","summary":"","body":"Succession is the sequential replacement of communities in a single habitat. It is a directed, community‑controlled process leading to a certain climax. Succession in biogeocenoses is a longer process than …
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. 3.07. Productivity of Different Biomes
Net primary production on land per year is 110–120 billion tons of dry organic matter, and in the ocean 50–60 billion tons. Roughly speaking, the ocean provides about one-third of …
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. 3.06. Ecosystem Production and Its Measurement
In 1964–1974, coordinated global data collection was conducted on ecosystem productivity and the factors influencing it within the UN International Biological Programme. These results remain valuable to this day...
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. 3.05. Ecological Balance
Our planet is inhabited by two groups of living beings, for each of which the resources are the wastes or products of the other group. We are talking about autotrophs …
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. 3.04. Classification of Biomes
A biome is a large type of biogeocoenosis characterized by a similar type of vegetation and occupying certain regions of the planet. Biomes are regulated by macroclimate and, first of …
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. 3.03. Examples of Ecosystems
Examples of ecosystems include a pond and a meadow, a city and a field. Living organisms and their environment are inseparable both in a pond and in a meadow. Most …
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. 3.02. Components of Ecosystems
Into what components can an ecosystem be divided? On one hand, we can use the same subdivisions as for a biogeocoenosis: biocoenosis (phytocoenosis + zoocoenosis + microbocoenosis) + geocoenosis (edaphotope …
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. 3.01. Ecosystems and Biogeocoenoses
Chapter 3. Biogeocoenology and Community Ecology. Ecology studies different levels of biosystems, from the organismal (or even lower) to the biospheric. Yet the level most characteristic for the biological science …
Ecology: biology of interaction. 2.17. (supplement) Anthropogenic paradox
Studying the features of humanity's relationship with its environment, we take our existence as a given fact. Could it have been otherwise? Nevertheless, according to modern views, the existence of …
Ecology: the biology of interaction. 2.16. (supplement) The search for life in the Solar System
Most contemporary efforts to search for life are based on the notion that extraterrestrial life will resemble terrestrial life. There is even a concept—“water‑carbon chauvinism”—the idea that alien life must …