Karazin University · Biology & Ecology
Materials
Lectures, peer-reviewed articles, field protocols and reference works.
Lecture
Ecology: the biology of interaction. VII-06. Approximation of data on global human population growth using various models
Яка математична закономірність найкраще описує зростання кількості представників нашого виду на Землі? Для цього можна використати оцінки чисельності людства на різних етапах своєї історії. Звісно, ці оцінки не є абсолютно точними, але це — найкраще, що у нас є, і на їх підставі можна зроби...
Lecture
Ecology: The Biology of Interactions. Appendix VII. Semi-finished Components for Building R Models
The idea behind this page is simple: to collect fragments of R scripts that may be useful when creating new models. What should these fragments be called? Examples? Samples? Templates? "Blanks"? Recipes? Let them be called "semi-finished components", semifinished. The content of this page is ongoing; many things in this work remain unclear (for example, it is not easy to decide in what order to arrange these semi-finished components). Nevertheless, we hope that the result of this work will be us
Lecture
Ecology: biology of interactions. IV-19. (supplement) Sex must be impossible! Why does it exist?
«The core» of the complex of phenomena, which includes the presence of sexes, the difference between them, and sexual acts, is precisely sexual recombination, the formation of new gene combinations that ensures the probabilistic combination of hereditary traits of parental individuals as a result of fertilization — their fusion...
EcoLectures#06_Population Growth Models
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Lecture
Ecology: Biology of Interactions. VII-05. The Preconditions-and-Consequences Model: Simpson's Paradox and the Evolution of Altruism
The "Simpson's Paradox" model is an example of a "preconditions-and-consequences model" that tests the assumption of whether certain preconditions are sufficient for the emergence of a given property in the system under study. This model seeks an answer to the question: "Can group selection, in which groups with a higher proportion of altruists gain an advantage, truly overcome the action of individual selection, in which altruists lose to selfish individuals?"
Lecture
Ecology: the biology of interaction. IV-19. (supplement) Evolution of altruism
Thus, according to the presented views, altruistic behavior can be maintained by selection at three different levels. Altruistic behavior toward relatives is a consequence of kin selection acting at the gene level; selection for the ability to engage in reciprocal altruism should most likely be considered...
Lecture
Ecology: Biology of Interaction. VII-04. Some Types of R-Models in Population Ecology: Their Purpose and Structure
Why does the sun appear in the sky every morning and disappear every evening? Different answers to this question represent different models. One of the oldest models known to us, approximately five thousand years old, was created in Heliopolis, Egypt. Each morning Nut (the sky) gives birth to Ra (the sun) from Geb (the earth). Each evening Ra disappears into the womb of his mother...
Lecture
Ecology: the Biology of Interaction. VII-03. Arithmetic and Geometric Growth
What is distinctive about the growth of organism numbers as a result of reproduction? Can a growing population avert a Malthusian catastrophe? In this and the two preceding sections there is sufficient information to begin searching for answers to these questions using R. Believe us, this search may lead...
Lecture
Ecology: The Biology of Interactions. VII-02. Introduction to R Properties Through Simple Examples
This section discusses the use of the R Markdown text markup language and the code chunks (code inserts) it provides for describing work with R. Basic information is then presented on vectors in R, their creation and indexing, the use of the for() and if() functions, and the plot() function. Fu...
Lecture
Ecology: The Biology of Interaction. Appendix VI. Overview of R Commands
Here is a brief overview of R commands
Lecture
Ecology: Biology of Interaction. VII-01. First Steps in Using RStudio
Since 2024, the authors have been adding to the ecology course explanations of the use of simulation modelling for better mastery of course materials. This page presents an introductory description of the features of the R language and a beginner-oriented description of the RStudio interface, the shell for working with R.
Lecture