Online-курс зоології хребетних
Lecture

VII. Class Mammalia-02. Mammal Systematics

Modern systematics of mammals

The systematics of mammals, like the systematics of other vertebrate groups, has undergone significant changes due to the use of molecular phylogenetics methods. The initial molecular results were surprising. After a period of some changes in the understanding of the relationships between the main groups of mammals, it can be considered that the phylogeny of modern mammals is well-established in its main features. First, we will show it in diagrams. Here is a diagram from a 2021 article in the journal Science, which reports, among other things, that the paleontological record and molecular phylogenetics are not contradictory but complementary: And this is a diagram from a 2022 article in the journal Nature, which focuses on chronology issues: Despite the difference in graphical representation of the phylogeny, these diagrams are very well consistent with each other. The modern systematics of mammals, detailed to the family level, is presented below. It is built according to the database created by the American Society of Mammalogists. The number and order of taxa correspond to the indicated database (which can be downloaded from the site, not the summary page it links to). According to this database, the modern classification presented by Ukrainian Wikipedia (although the order of taxa there is different) has also been constructed (as of June 2022). Ukrainian names of taxa are predominantly given according to Ukrainian Wikipedia. We have already compared two approaches to forming taxon names: "as in Latin" (with identical endings), or "as in English" (the name of characteristic representatives in the plural). The names used here mainly belong to the first type. For example, the order Rodentia is translated into Ukrainian not as "Gryzuny" (Rodents), but as "Myshopodobni" (Mouse-like) (and the name "Gryzuny" has shifted to the clade that combines Lagomorphs and Rodents – Glires). From this point of view, the order Carnivora should be translated as "Psopodibni" (Dog-like). Of course, for those who learned mammal systematics from classical textbooks, the absence of such "familiar" orders as Pinnipedia or Cetacea will be surprising. Families previously included in Pinnipedia are now part of the order Carnivora (=Predators), and Cetacea are placed among other representatives of the order Artiodactyla (=Even-toed ungulates). According to the database used here, extinct families are included in the system (and extinct representatives are included in the calculation of genera and species). These are two families of Australian marsupials (Thylacinidae — Thylacines and Chaeropodidae — Pig-footed Bandicoots), three families of Malagasy lemurs (Archaeolemuridae — Archaeolemurids, Megaladapidae — Megaladapids, Palaeopropithecidae — Giant Sloth Lemurs), the family Prolagidae — Lagomorphs from the order Lagomorpha, the family Nesophontidae — Nesophontids from the order Insectivora, and the river dolphins from China: Lipotidae — Baiji.

Taxa and groups

squamata

Families

Genera

1331

6485

1331

3

5

3

3

5

3

3

5

3

1

1

1

2

4

2

1328

6480

1328

91

402

91

21

132

21

3

7

3

3

7

3

18

125

18

18

125

18

70

270

70

1

3

1

1

3

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

19

78

19

17

76

17

1

1

1

1

1

1

8

30

8

1

2

1

6

26

6

1

2

1

41

157

41

30

118

30

1

1

1

13

67

13

4

12

4

2

3

2

3

14

3

6

20

6

1

1

1

8

35

8

2

5

2

6

30

6

3

4

3

1

1

1and

2

3

2

1237

6078

1237

49

126

49

14

37

14

9

21

9

8

13

8

1

8

1

5

16

5

2

6

2

1

4

1

1

2

1

3

10

3

1

7

1

2

3

2

35

89

35

27

76

27

6

20

6

6

20

6

20

55

20

10

21

10

10

21

10

10

34

10

2

3

2

8

31

8

1

1

1

1

1

1

8

13

8

2

3

2

2

3

2

3

5

3

3

5

3

3

5

3

2

2

2

1

3

1

1188

5952

1188

623

3270

623

89

541

89

2

2

2

2

2

2

4

23

4

1

1

1

3

22

3

83

516

83

55

370

55

23

157

23

4

8

4

4

20

4

1

11

1

4

23

4

6

50

6

3

30

3

7

57

7

3

14

3

28

146

28

1

1

1

5

41

5

1

1

1

3

19

3

5

21

5

1

26

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

19

6

4

16

4

534

2729

534

13

109

13

11

74

11

1

34

1

1

1

1

521

2620

521

78

320

78

4

5

4

1

1

1

7

23

7

1

2

1

2

15

2

3

7

3

1

1

1

3

17

3

5

25

5

1

1

1

3

11

3

1

1

1

1

2

1

2

10

2

1

70

1

35

115

35

7

14

7

72

335

72

1

1

1

9

30

9

62

304

62

371

1965

371

2

6

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

7

41

7

5

68

5

1

2

1

14

38

14

1

15

1

3

5

3

1

8

1

149

820

149

157

857

157

20

69

20

2

5

2

7

28

7

565

2682

565

60

553

60

10

26

10

1

7

1

2

4

2

29

459

29

18

57

18

505

2129

505

233

1437

233

66

419

66

46

197

46

1

1

1

7

90

7

6

6

6

1

110

1

4

9

4

1

6

1

167

1018

167

14

55

14

1

2

1

1

15

1

2

2

2

2

18

2

1

2

1

1

2

1

60

222

60

1

5

1

1

2

1

1

40

1

22

129

22

3

12

3

57

512

57

272

692

272

134

317

134

3

8

3

3

8

3

131

309

131

75

177

75

1

2

1

4

11

4

22

66

22

6

13

6

1

1

1

8

16

8

14

19

14

5

8

5

14

41

14

56

132

56

14

46

14

1

2

1

1

1

1

7

8

7

15

35

15

4

4

4

14

36

14

138

375

138

6

18

6

5

9

5

4

5

4

1

4

1

1

9

1

1

9

1

132

357

132

76

232

76

1

1

1

51

155

51

18

55

18

2

4

2

1

7

1

3

10

3

9

21

9

6

18

6

3

3

3

3

7

3

3

7

3

44

97

44

2

4

2

2

4

2

3

9

3

1

1

1

19

37

19

2

2

2

3

8

3

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

23
#Онлайн-курс зоології хребетних #VII. Клас Mammalia