VII. Class Mammalia-02. Practice#08. Comparative anatomy of mammals

Comparative anatomy of mammals

Fox skeleton (Vulpes vulpes)
1 — temporal arch; 2 — skull; 3 — atlas; 4 — epistropheus; 5 — scapula; 6 — spinous process; 7 — thoracic vertebrae; 8 — lumbar vertebrae; 9 — pelvis; 10 — caudal vertebrae; 11 — ischium; 12 — acetabulum; 13 — fibula (fused); 14 — calcaneus; 15 — tarsus; 16 — metatarsus; 17 — phalanges; 18 — foot; 19 — tibia; 20 — patella; 21 — femur; 22 — sacrum; 23 — ilium; 24 — vertebral parts of ribs; 25 — sternum; 26 — sternal parts of ribs (cartilaginous); 27 — ulna; 28 — carpus; 29 — metacarpus; 30 — hand; 31 — radius; 32 — humerus; 33 — spine of scapula; 34 — cervical vertebrae; 35 — mandible.


Dentition of mammals: fox (Vulpes vulpes), on top and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), below
Capital letters refer to the upper jaw, lowercase — to the lower. I, i — incisors; C, c — canines; Pm, pm — premolars; M, m — molars. 1 — mandibular fossa on the skull; 2 — coronoid process of the mandible; 3 — articular process; 4 — angular process.

Internal organs of male rat (Rattus norvegicus)
1 — lymph glands; 2 — trachea; 3 — thymus; 4 — heart; 5 — left lung; 6 — stomach; 7 — dorsal aorta; 8 — pancreas; 9 — spleen; 10 — posterior vena cava; 11 — seminal vesicle; 12 — iliac artery and iliac vein; 13 — femoral artery and femoral vein; 14 — urinary bladder; 15 — prostate gland; 16 — vas deferens; 17 — epididymis; 18 — testis; 19 — glans penis; 20 — preputial gland; 21 — cecum; 22 — large intestine; 23 — small intestine; 24 — duodenum; 25 — liver; 26 — diaphragm; 27 — right anterior vena cava; 28 — subclavian artery and subclavian vein; 29 — external jugular vein.