Rhacophoridae
Rhacophoridae — Old World tree frogs — foam-nest tree frogs 19 genera, 367 species Subfamily Philautinae Subfamily Rhacophorinae A taxonomically controversial group in constant revision. Distributed in Central and Southern Africa, South and Southeast Asia, the Malay Archipelago, and Japan. Body size ranges from 15 mm to 12 cm. Family representatives show adaptations to arboreal life, such as body flattening (Fig. 1-4) and expanded terminal digital pads (Fig. 3, 5) used as adhesive discs. Some species have broad interdigital webbing (Fig. 6-7), allowing gliding from tree to tree. Large eyes with horizontal pupils are characteristic. Dorsal coloration ranges from green to brown, and from gray to black and white. Many species have bright coloration on flanks, belly, and inner thighs (Fig. 6-8), helping concealment after landing from a jump: predators focus on bright elements that disappear from view at landing. During reproduction, females of many species secrete fluid that is whipped by limbs into foam. Foam is used to build nests (Fig. 9-12), usually above water on branches and shoots hanging over water. After hatching, tadpoles leave the nest and fall into the water body. Fig. 1-4: External appearance of Rhacophorus dulitensis, Polypedates macrotis, Rhacophorus pardalis, and Theloderma corticale Fig.
5: Limb of Polypedates dimbullae with characteristic adhesive pads Fig.
6-7: Rhacophorus nigropalmatus, in jump and at rest Fig.
8: Bright flank and inner-limb coloration in Rhacophorus kio Fig.
9-11: Nest of Rhacophorus arboreus and its appearance Fig.
12: Schematic of nest structure in rhacophorid frogs Sources https://amphibiaweb.org/index.html https://eol.org/ https://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/