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Materials
Ecology: biology of interaction. Title and preface
With this page, the authors begin creating the Ukrainian version of the second edition of their ecology textbook. The work is organized as follows: the Russian text of the first …
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. I-01. "Ecology" — What Is It?
The term «ecology» was coined by Haeckel from two Greek roots: oicos — home and logos — word, science. From the moment the concept of «ecology» was established, there has …
Ecology: Biology of Interactions. I-04. Structure of Ecology and its Place Among the Branches of Biology
In this course, ecology is divided into general and special, and within general ecology branches are distinguished that correspond to different levels of biosystem organization.
Ecology: The Biology of Interaction. I-02. History of Ecology
There is a view that ecology as a science might have been born at the end of the eighteenth or the beginning of the nineteenth century, owing to the work …
Ecology: Biology of Interactions. I-03. Levels of Biosystem Organization
Biological systems are organized hierarchically, and at each level regulation is carried out using similar principles. In the late 20th century, the systems approach stemming from Ludwig von Bertalanffy gained …
Ecology: biology of interaction. I-06. Regulation of biosystems
Direct link — is the influence of a certain factor on the studied system (example: turning the steering wheel, the driver changes the direction of the car’s movement). Feedback — …
Ecology: biology of interaction. 1.10. (supplement) Dynamic typology of biosystems
Dynamic typology is based not only on analysis of an object’s observed state, but also on prediction (typically probabilistic) of its future dynamics.
Ecology: Biology of Interaction. I-08. Stability of Biosystems
A characteristic feature of regulation by the principle of negative feedback is that it leads to oscillations of the regulated variable. If the influence drives the biosystem beyond the limits …
Ecology: biology of interaction. I-14. (supplement) Describing diversity of biosystems: classification, typology, ordination
Dynamic typology is based not only on analysis of an object’s observed state, but also on forecast (typically probabilistic) of its future dynamics. One path to its construction is analysis …
Ecology: biology of interaction. I-07. Properties of complex systems
The more integrated a system is, the harder its mosaic description becomes. A reductionist view is necessary but insufficient: emergent properties arise from interactions and cannot be fully inferred from …
Ecology: biology of interaction. I-12. (supplement) Universal properties of biosystems
Despite specificity of biosystems at different levels, a set of universal properties can be identified: ordered composition, hierarchy, metabolism, information continuity and variability, individuality, and capacity for reproduction/self-renewal across levels.
Ecology: Biology of Interaction. I-15. (Supplement) Models as a Tool of (Self-)Deception
«The computer memory was loaded with a description of a chordate animal prototype analogous to the lancelet that has survived to the present day (A); the numbers at the bottom …