#Екологія: біологія взаємодії
138 materials
Ecology: biology of interaction. II-03. Gaia hypothesis (metaphor)
In 1972, James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis proposed the so-called «Gaia hypothesis» — the conception of Earth as a superorganism that maintains its homeostasis. As Lovelock later indicated, he and Margulis independently arrived at ideas previously expressed by James Hutton …
Ecology: biology of interaction. II-02. Noosphere
Probably, the main author of the concept «noosphere» was Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, a French priest and evolutionary scientist. Teilhard was a member of the Jesuit order, and therefore the ideas he publicly expressed were limited by the order's discipline. …
Ecology: Biology of Interaction. I-11. (Supplement) The Scientific Method
The operation of the hypothetico-deductive model of scientific cognition can be described by the following algorithm: 1. Search for inconsistencies in the application of the scientific system of concepts (the model of reality constructed by science) to explain available data; …
Ecology: Biology of Interaction. II-01. Biosphere
The biosphere is Earth’s shell transformed by the activity of living organisms. An alternative interpretation (biosphere as the shell of Earth within which living organisms occur, the “field of life existence” in V. I. Vernadsky’s terms) is much less useful. …
Ecology: Biology of Interaction. I-15. (Supplement) Models as a Tool of (Self-)Deception
«The computer memory was loaded with a description of a chordate animal prototype analogous to the lancelet that has survived to the present day (A); the numbers at the bottom are the ‘genotype’ — a machine description of 24 traits …
Ecology: biology of interaction. I-12. (supplement) Universal properties of biosystems
Despite specificity of biosystems at different levels, a set of universal properties can be identified: ordered composition, hierarchy, metabolism, information continuity and variability, individuality, and capacity for reproduction/self-renewal across levels.
Ecology: biology of interaction. I-07. Properties of complex systems
The more integrated a system is, the harder its mosaic description becomes. A reductionist view is necessary but insufficient: emergent properties arise from interactions and cannot be fully inferred from isolated parts.
Ecology: biology of interaction. I-14. (supplement) Describing diversity of biosystems: classification, typology, ordination
Dynamic typology is based not only on analysis of an object’s observed state, but also on forecast (typically probabilistic) of its future dynamics. One path to its construction is analysis of phase space trajectories and stability basins.
Ecology: Biology of Interaction. I-08. Stability of Biosystems
A characteristic feature of regulation by the principle of negative feedback is that it leads to oscillations of the regulated variable. If the influence drives the biosystem beyond the limits of its regulation by negative feedback loops, it will transition …
Ecology: biology of interaction. I-06. Regulation of biosystems
Direct link — is the influence of a certain factor on the studied system (example: turning the steering wheel, the driver changes the direction of the car’s movement). Feedback — the dependence of the controlling influence on the state of …
Ecology: Biology of Interactions. I-03. Levels of Biosystem Organization
Biological systems are organized hierarchically, and at each level regulation is carried out using similar principles. In the late 20th century, the systems approach stemming from Ludwig von Bertalanffy gained development. It is based on the premise that systems built …
Ecology: The Biology of Interaction. I-02. History of Ecology
There is a view that ecology as a science might have been born at the end of the eighteenth or the beginning of the nineteenth century, owing to the work of Antoine Lavoisier. In 1792, Lavoisier presented a report «The …
Ecology: Biology of Interactions. I-04. Structure of Ecology and its Place Among the Branches of Biology
In this course, ecology is divided into general and special, and within general ecology branches are distinguished that correspond to different levels of biosystem organization.
Ecology: the Biology of Interactions. I-01. "Ecology" — What Is It?
The term «ecology» was coined by Haeckel from two Greek roots: oicos — home and logos — word, science. From the moment the concept of «ecology» was established, there has been an unbroken succession of researchers who interpreted it in …
Ecology: biology of interaction. Title and preface
With this page, the authors begin creating the Ukrainian version of the second edition of their ecology textbook. The work is organized as follows: the Russian text of the first edition was placed online at Batrachos.com, then gradually revised and …
EcoLectures#03_Stability of Biosystems. Complex Biosystems
Virtually all biosystems belong to complex systems that allow only phenomenological, not analytical, description. One of the practically important properties of biosystems is their stability.
EcoLectures#02_Biosystems and Their Regulation
The concept of a system, levels of biosystem organization, negative and positive feedbacks.
EcoLectures#01_What Is Ecology?
Few sciences face the problem that their name and definition become the subject of fierce disputes. Unfortunately, in the post-Soviet space this fully applies to ecology. The word “ecology” has become fashionable, and today a person calling themselves an ecologist …